Xncph\´]pcw \Kck`

¢_pIÄ

Ncn{X]Ým¯ew
\Kc¯nse ¢_pIÄ
\o´ð Ipf§Ä
sS¶okv ¢ºpIÄ

Ncn{X]Ým¯ew
bqtdm]y³amcmWv ChnsS ¢_pIÄ¡v XpS¡w Ipdn¨Xv. IhSnbmdnse sI̬ ¢_v Ct¸mÄ Xncph\´]pcw ¢_v F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ ]gb bqtdm]y³ ¢_v 1890þð Øm]nXamb {ioaqew cmahÀ½ ¢_v ({ioaqew ¢_v), sk{It«dntbän\p ]n³`mK¯pÅ \mjWð ¢_v, IhSnbmdpÅ tKmÄ^v ¢_v F¶nhbmWv BZyw Øm]nXambXv. thfnbnse t_m«v ¢_v, IhSnbmdnse sS¶okv ¢_v F¶nh ]nð¡me¯v DïmbhbmWv.

\Kc¯nse ¢_pIÄ

{ioaqew ¢_v
{Snhm³{Uw ¢_v
Zn {Snhm³{Uw tKmÄ^v ¢_v
tdm«dn ¢_v
eb¬kv ¢_v
a¶w sat½mdnbð \mjWð ¢_v

{ioaqew ¢_v
1890þð Znhm³ cmadmhphpw _n IrjvWkzmanbpw ap³ssIs¿Sp¯v Øm]n¨XmWv {ioaqew ¢_v. {ioaqew cmahÀ½ bqWnb³ ¢_v F¶ t]cnemWv CXv BZyw Adnbs¸«ncp¶Xv. 1892þð kzman hnthIm\µ\v Cu ¢_nð h¨v kzoIcWw \ðInbncp¶p. 1940þð 50þmw hmÀjnImtLmj§fpsS `mKambn Hcp {KÙime {io Nn¯ncXncp\mÄ almcmPmhv DZvLmS\w sNbvXp. {]apJ hyhkmbn AgI¸sN«nbmÀ hnimeamb Hcp lmÄ \nÀ½n¨p \ðIn. 1973þð anI¨ j«nð tImÀ«v ]Wnbn¨p \nch[n aÕc§Ä¡p ChnSw thZnbmbn«pïv.

{Snhm³{Uw ¢_v
HfnhÀ sl³dn _³knen F¶ {_n«ojpImc³ 1902þð Øm]n¨XmWv bqtdm]y³ ¢_v F¶dnbs¸«ncp¶ {Snhm³{Uw ¢_v. ssk\oI hn`mK¯nðs]« Hm^okÀamÀ¡pthïn cq]w sImSp¯v Cu ¢_n\v Bhiyamb Øehpw aäp klmb§fpw \ðInbXv {ioaqew Xncp\mfmWv. `£Wime, XmakkuIcy¯n\mbn A©p tImt«PpIÄ, Hm^okv, Chbv¡p ]pdta ]n kp{_ÒWy¯nsâ t]cnð Hcp I½yqWnän lmÄ Chsbñmw {Snhm³{Uw ¢_nsâ \nb{´W¯nepïv. {Snhm³{Uw ¢_nsâ BZy sk{I«dn {_n«ojpImc\mb BÀ. C. {Ko³lukmbncp¶p.

Zn {Snhm³{Uw tKmÄ^v ¢_v
1882 emWv tKmÄ^v ¢_v Øm]n¡s¸Sp¶Xv. ]g¡w sImïpw {]uVn sImïpw \Kc¯nse CXc ¢_pIfpsS ap³\ncbnemWv CXn\p Øm\w. XncphnXmwIqÀ cmPm¡òmcpsS \mbm«ptI{µambncp¶p HcpIme¯nhnSw. kzmX{´ye_v[ntbmsS tIWð tKmZhÀ½cmP A²y£\mbn tKmÄ^v ¢_v I½nän cq]oIcn¨p. Ccp]¯©c G¡À {]tZihpw AXn\pÅnð inev]IebpsS al\obX hnfnt¨mXp¶ BIÀjIamb aµnchpw \nesImÅp¶p.

tdm«dn ¢_v
tdm«dn ^utïj³ BZyambn cq]w sImïXv 1905þð Atacn¡bnemWv. t]mÄ lmcokmWv Øm]I³. {][m\ {]hÀ¯IcpsS hkXnIfnð amdn amdn tbmKw IqSn AXnð \n¶mWv tdm«dn F¶ t]cv {]kvXpX kwLS\bv¡p ssIh¶Xv. temIsa¼mSpw imJIfpÅ Cu alm{]Øm\w `mcX¯nð 1919þð Ið¡¯bnð cq]saSp¯p. 145 cmPy§fnð \n¶pw t]mfntbm XpS¨pamäm³ tdm«dn¢_n\p Ignªp. Xncph\´]pcw DÄs¸Sp¶ tdm«dn Unkv{SnIvänsâ KhÀWÀ¡v 82 tdm«dn ¢_pIfpsS `cWNpaXebpïv.

eb¬kv ¢_v
1912 ð Øm]nXambn. ]mhs¸« tcmKnIÄ¡pw AKXnIÄ¡pw BizmktaIp¶, AÔÀ¡v NnInðkm kuIcy§Ä \ðIp¶Xnð ap³Xq¡w \ðIp¶ H¸w tkh\hpw kulrZhpw apJap{Zbmbn AwKoIcn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xpamb HcmtKmf kwLS\bmWv eb¬kv¢_v. km¼¯nIambn ZpcnXa\p`hn¡p¶ hnZymÀ°nIÄ¡v klmb[\w \ðIpI XpS§n kaql\òbv¡p]Icn¡p¶ Ht«sd IÀ½]²XnIÄ BhnjvIcn¨p \S¸nem¡pIbmWv eb¬kv¢_nsâ apJy[À½w. saðhn³tPm¬kmWv eb¬kv¢_nsâ Øm]I³.

a¶w sat½mdnbð \mjWð ¢_v
{]kv¢_n\p kao]¯mbn«mWv a¶w samt½mdnbð \mjWð ¢_v \nesImÅp¶Xv. {ioaqew Xncp\mÄ almcmPmhnsâ Ime¯v \mbÀ kapZmb¡mÀ¡p thïnbmWv Cu ¢_v Øm]n¨Xv. ASp¯ Ime¯mWv a¶w sat½mdnbð \mjWð ¢_v F¶ t]cp \ðInbXv. ChnsS Fñm kapZmb¯nðs¸«hÀ¡pw AwKXzw \ðIpw. F¶mð thm«hImiw \mbÀ kapZmb¯nðs¸«hÀ¡mbn ]cnanXs¸Sp¯p¶p.

\o´ð Ipf§Ä
tlm«ð eqknb, CuÌv t^mÀ«v
akv¡äv tlm«ð
{Snhm³{Uw ¢ºv, hgpX¡mSv
hm«À hÀIvkv kznw½nwKv ]qÄ, shffb¼ew

sS¶okv ¢ºpIÄ
{ioaqew ¢ºv, hgpX¡mSv
{Snhm³{Uw sS¶okv ¢ºv, IhSnbmÀ
{Snhm³{Uw ¢ºv, hgpX¡mSv